Operators are symbols or keywords in Ruby that allow you to perform various operations on values and variables. In this section, we'll explain the different types of operators in Ruby and how to use them in your code.


Arithmetic Operators

        Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on numbers. The following table lists the arithmetic operators available in Ruby:

OperatorDescription
+Addition
-Subtraction
*Multiplication
/Division
%Modulo (remainder)
**Exponentiation

Here's an example of using arithmetic operators in Ruby:

x = 5
y = 3

puts x + y   # Output: 8
puts x - y   # Output: 2
puts x * y   # Output: 15
puts x / y   # Output: 1 (Note: this is integer division)
puts x % y   # Output: 2
puts x ** y  # Output: 125

Comparison Operators

        Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean value (true or false). The following table lists the comparison operators available in Ruby:

OperatorDescription
==Equal to
!=Not equal to
<Less than
>Greater than
<=Less than or equal to
>=Greater than or equal to

Here's an example of using comparison operators in Ruby:

x = 5
y = 3

puts x == y   # Output: false
puts x != y   # Output: true
puts x < y    # Output: false
puts x > y    # Output: true
puts x <= y   # Output: false
puts x >= y   # Output: true

Logical Operators

        Logical operators are used to combine boolean expressions and return a boolean value. The following table lists the logical operators available in Ruby:

OperatorDescription
&&Logical AND
||Logical OR
!Logical NOT

Here's an example of using logical operators in Ruby:

x = 5
y = 3
z = 7

puts (x > y) && (z > y)   # Output: true
puts (x > y) || (z < y)   # Output: true
puts !(x > y)             # Output: false

Assignment Operators

        Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable. The following table lists the assignment operators available in Ruby:

OperatorDescription
=Simple assignment
+=Addition assignment
-=Subtraction assignment
*=Multiplication assignment
/=Division assignment
%=Modulo assignment
**=Exponentiation assignment

Here's an example of using assignment operators in Ruby:

x = 5
x += 2    # Equivalent to: x = x + 2
puts x    # Output: 7

y = 10
y /= 3    # Equivalent to: y = y / 3
puts y    # Output: 3

Conclusion

        Operators are essential in Ruby programming and are used to perform various operations on values and variables. By understanding the different types of operators available in Ruby and how to use them in your code, you can write more expressive and powerful programs.