Introduction           Pheochromocytoma is a rare type of tumor that arises from the adrenal glands , which sit on top of the kidneys. These tumors cause the adrenal glands to produce excessive amounts of certain hormones, particularly adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). The resulting surge of these hormo…

Introduction           Hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by the excessive production of the hormone aldosterone , which is produced by the adrenal glands . Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. When aldosterone levels are too hig…

I ntroduction Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition in which the body doesn’t produce enough growth hormone , a key hormone produced by the pituitary gland . Growth hormone is essential for growth in children and maintaining healthy tissues and metabolism in adults. When there is a deficiency, it can lead to growth failur…